Page: 1171. 5% B. crying and anxiety. C. stimulate the vagus nerve. A. bleeding in the brain. 16. most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. A. heart rate A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: Most cases of SIDS occur in infants younger than 6 months. 3 months and 4 years. You should: attempt cooling measures, offer O2, transport. 47. Page: 1196, 103. D. child's core body temperature is elevated. Page: 1189. Answer: C demonstratedinpreterminfants; CBFvelocity normalisedalongwithPo2in terminfants.5 Extremely low birthweight infants can be treated appropriatelywithroomairor30-40% oxygen in the delivery room.6 Routine use of 80-100%oxygenduringtheinitial stabilisation at birth, as often recommended,7 may there-fore produce hyperoxaemia in some infants. A. When you arrive, you determine that the infant is apneic and pulseless. Which of the following statements regarding the use of nasopharyngeal airways in children is When you arrive at the scene, the child is Page: 1196. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula. This means that the patient has: a. normal breath sounds. The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: use a length-based resuscitation tape measure. A. separating the child from his or her parents. A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. Page: 1185. C. altered mental status. C. a congenital cardiovascular defect. adolescent patient? blood pressure The MOST efficient way to identify the appropriately sized equipment for a pediatric patient is to: C. slightly flex the neck to prevent tracheal kinking. The infant's mother tells you that he has not had a soiled diaper in over 12 hours. D. delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock. A. be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the A. wheezing. EMTs are called for an unresponsive infant. Stroke volume is determined by preload, cardiac contractility, and afterload. B. size of the child and the height of the bumper upon impact. 86. A pediatric patient involved in a drowning emergency may present with: abdominal distension. B. meningitis. Use the proper word to complete each of the following blanks: By 3 months old, your baby may respond to these sounds with excitement. Answer: C Do you agree? B. dehydration from vomiting and diarrhea. Answer: A When ventilating a pediatric patient with a bag-mask device, the EMT should: Heart rate may not reflect the severity of blood loss due to compensatory vasoconstriction and constriction. A. child abuse. D. open his airway and look in his mouth. B. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and transport to the closest trauma center. A. child abuse must be reported only if it can be proven. Death caused by shaken baby syndrome is usually the result of: With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: EMTs must report all suspected cases of child abuse. Question Type: General Knowledge Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: A) warm, dry skin. D. a semiconscious 7-year-old female with normal ventilation, C. an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations. D. begin chest compressions if she becomes unresponsive and her heart rate falls below 80 beats/min. 73. The secondary assessment of a sick or injured child: D. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. B. respiratory or circulatory failure. C. estimate the child's weight based on appearance. Question Type: General Knowledge He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to the back of his head. He is unresponsive and there are no signs of breathing. product because it may: Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. 104. Answer: D Critical burns in children include: B. Findings from the r espiratory system include apnea, cyanosis, grunt- D. swimming pools. With which age group should you talk to the child, not just the parent, while taking the medical history? B. stabilize his head and check for a pulse. After squeezing the end of a child's finger or toe for a few seconds, blood should return to the area within: Answer: C . Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: 89. B. a rash. 3 D. fracture of the cervical spine. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the D. accessory muscle use. A. result in tachycardia. A A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: talk to the child, not just the caregiver. Research the incidence of skin cancer in different parts of the world. D. head bobbing. D. 18 months and 10 years. B. mental status, heart rate, and systolic blood pressure. A. appearance, work of breathing, and skin circulation. 18. D. a supervisor can forbid you from reporting possible abuse. A. Answer: B B. more vascular despite the fact that they are proportionately smaller. Answer: C A. be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. Page: 1184. What condition should you suspect? Infection should be considered a possible cause of an airway obstruction in an infant or child, especially if he or she presents with: Signs of an upper airway obstruction in an infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. 95. Question Type: Critical Thinking Which of the following statements regarding sudden infant death syndrome (SIDS) is correct? C. has a possible closed fracture of the radius. of the head. B. multiple open fractures. The German Association of the Scientific Medical Societies guideline for pregnancy, childbirth, and puerperium in women with a spinal cord injury (SCI) addresses a range of topics from the desire . Answer: D 20. A. depress the gag reflex. Question Type: General Knowledge 88. . Answer: D C. 12, 4 B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. Question Type: Critical Thinking A. warm, dry skin. A. profound tachycardia. C. monitor the pulse oximeter reading. D. has a history suggestive of a serious illness. C. hyperthermia. A normal level of consciousness in an infant or child is characterized by: C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: post oak toyota commercial actors . D. 5 seconds. 55. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. A. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. A. 4 years. B. SIDS is most commonly the result of an overwhelming infection. You should suspect: The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: Hyperthermia differs from fever in that it is an increase in body temperature: caused by the inability of the body to cool itself. 12.5 g The first month of life after birth is referred to as the: 2. You are responding to a 9-1-1 call where the mother reported finding her 3-month-old daughter cyanotic and unresponsive in her crib. B. bradycardia. The purpose of the pediatric assessment triangle (PAT) is to: allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. A. B. child abuse. and determine that it is slow and irregular. D. there is usually obvious injury to the external chest wall. Answer: D A. place padding under the child's head. D. ask a relative if he or she knows the child's weight. B. occur after a week of a febrile illness. 12. Page: 1160. B. slide the device under the child. Which of the following is true about a child's breathing? C. hyperpnea. d. an absence of breath sounds. B. partial-thickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. Question Type: General Knowledge A. Page: 1179. A. hot items on a stovetop. A. of more than 2F to 3F per hour. She is You should: be prepared to assist her ventilations, transport at once, and request an ALS intercept en route to the hospital. A. irritability of the left ventricle. D. head bobbing. D. acute respiratory distress. Answer: B A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: 6 months. C. his or her respirations are shallow. Padding underneath the torso when immobilizing an injured child is generally not necessary if he or she is: C. assuming a tripod position. The majority of cervical spine injuries in children are partial transections of the spinal cord, resulting in partial paralysis. (a) 30C,5mmHg-30^{\circ} \mathrm{C}, 5 \mathrm{~mm} \mathrm{Hg}30C,5mmHg Question Type: General Knowledge A. carefully look into his mouth and remove the object if you see it. D. refusal to drink fluids. She is conscious, but clearly restless. A. place padding under the child's head. Page: 1158. Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: C. seizures and hypoxia Question Type: General Knowledge B. loss of consciousness C. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma. conscious, but clearly restless. 63. D. isolated tonic-clonic activity, a duration of greater than 15 minutes, and a short postictal phase. Answer: B A. he or she can compensate for blood loss better than adults. Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: A. mother younger than 20 years A. requesting a paramedic ambulance to insert an advanced airway device. Answer: D Question Type: General Knowledge C. stimulate the vagus nerve. 100. D. twisting injuries are more common in children. He is responsive to painful stimuli only and has a large hematoma to Which of the following is MORE common in children than in adults following a head injury? 46. Indicate the type of solid (molecular, metallic, ionic, or covalent-network) for each compound: HBr. Her heart rate is 130 beats/min and her respiratory rate is 30 breaths/min. A. heart rate A. high fever. D. They can usually identify painful areas when questioned. c. Based on alcohol's effect on the nervous system, explain why drinking and driving is extremely dangerous. Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE history from an adolescent patient? level of activity is decreased. Answer: C After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lbs. C. a law enforcement officer must be present. C. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, obtain baseline vital signs, apply full spinal precautions, You should: An 8-year-old female with a history of asthma continues to experience severe respiratory distress despite being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. She further tells you that her daughter has no history of seizures, but has had a recent ear infection. B. weak distal pulses. Page: 1166, 39. A. block the pop-off valve if needed to achieve adequate chest rise. Answer: B C. a law enforcement officer must be present. She is receiving high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask. A child may begin to show signs of separation anxiety as early as: Unless he or she is critically ill or injured, you should generally begin your assessment of a toddler: Which of the following statements regarding preschool-age children is correct? C. severe dehydration. C. his or her vital signs are stable. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. B. insert an oral airway, hyperventilate him with a bag-mask device, apply full spinal precautions, and Her skin is hot and moist. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. A. alcohol. B. Identify similarities and differences in the types of skin cancer. A. is a rapid head-to-toe exam to detect life threats. A. encourage the child to urinate and take a shower. D. lower in the abdominal cavity, where the muscles are not as strong. Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. he or she presents with: Signs and symptoms of meningitis in the infant or child include all of the following, EXCEPT: Select one: A. a stiff or painful neck. A. discourage the family from observing. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. Question Type: Critical Thinking 33. Compensatory mechanisms that improve stroke volume include increased venous smooth muscle tone (improves preload by shunting blood to the Their presence can exacerbate the symptoms of pathologic vasoconstriction. Answer: A c. diminished breath sounds. C. conclude that the child is stable. signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: pain control management is essential. Compared to adults, the liver and spleen of pediatric patients are more prone to injury and bleeding because they are: D. capillary refill, Answer: B D. become obstructed by mucus. D. activity, respiratory quality, and level of consciousness. B. cause the child to vomit. Page: 1188. 80. Page: 1186. history from an adolescent patient? D. absent urine output. In the first three months babies pay most attention to faces. B. a stiff or painful neck. Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock. Question Type: General Knowledge C. hypothermia and an irregular pulse. C) A child's chest wall has proportionately more subcutaneous fat on the chest. C. skin condition C. 25% 68. D. Inexperience and poor judgment are rare causes of pediatric trauma. The EMT should be MOST concerned when a child presents with fever and: C. result in airway swelling. Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1158. The goal of vasoconstriction is to prioritize oxygen and nutrient supply to the most important organs - the vital organs. and perform a secondary assessment. Question Type: General Knowledge being given multiple doses of her prescribed albuterol by her mother. Nursing Care of a Family With a High-Risk New. Answer: B C. bronchitis. There is acute shortness of breath with pleuritic pain to the lateral side of the chest wall with physical signs of pneumothorax- hyper-resonance with absent breath sounds. A. extreme restlessness. C. a rapid heart rate. C. determine why the ingestion occurred. A. cyanosis. Page: 1159. C. your assessment will most often reveal bruising to the abdomen. C. a cough that resembles the bark of a seal. A. extreme restlessness. Page: 1158. Blood pressure is usually not assessed in children younger than _____ years. The vital signs of Patient X include a body temperature of 37 degrees Celsius, heart rate of 80 bpm, a pulse of 80 bpm, respiratory rate of 20 breaths per minute, and blood pressure of 140/90 mmHg. rate is 120 beats/min. A 2-year-old female has experienced a seizure. Signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: Most of the dark matter is thought to consist of ;it is not the "normal" dark matter composed of. neutrons, protons, and electrons. The normal respiratory rate for a newborn should not exceed ______ breaths/min. 40 A. perform abdominal thrusts. D. may indicate a serious underlying illness. children have a larger, rounder occiput compared to adults. Bacterial infection is a life-threatening complication that sometimes necessitates shunt removal. You are dispatched to a residence for a child with respiratory distress. D. superficial burns covering more than 10% to 15% of the body surface. The child is conscious, A. newborns Authors Channel Summit. B. C. femoral A. place bulky padding behind his or her occiput. A. observe the chest for rise and fall. A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. Question Type: General Knowledge A. 51. Page: 1182, 71. B. moist oral mucosa. If the situation allows, a child should be transported in a car seat if he or she weighs less than _____ lb. You are using JumpSTART in a triage situation involving several children. B. multiple open fractures. D. result in a soft-tissue injury. A. shins An oropharyngeal airway should not be used in children who have ingested a caustic or petroleum-based product because it may: When inserting an oropharyngeal airway in an infant or child, you should: depress the tongue with a tongue depressor. C. conclude that the child is stable. 3. A. any superficial or partial-thickness burn that involves the legs or arms. B. should be performed, regardless of the circumstances. Signs and symptoms are usually intermittent and mild; however, very rare sequelae include digital ulceration and/or soft tissue breakdown. Answer: B Page: 1193-1194, 97. B. An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: A. high fever. D. decreased LOC. bag-mask ventilations is to: You should: Inform the child's mother that her son is deceased. Question Type: General Knowledge D. give oxygen and transport at once. D. mother smoked during pregnancy. B. allow you to rapidly and visually form a general impression of the child. D. allowing the child to remain with her mother and applying a nasal cannula. Effective methods for providing pain relief to a child with an extremity injury include: Question Type: General Knowledge 44. The signs and symptoms of poisoning in children: D. heat compresses and lowering the injured extremity. Answer: B Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1155 13. His pulse is slow and bounding. You respond to a skate park where a 10year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. A. apply high-flow oxygen via a nonrebreathing mask, perform an in-depth secondary assessment, apply full spinal precautions, and transport. pulse. A. secure the head before the torso. history from an adolescent patient? Which of the following groups of people is associated with the lowest risk of meningitis? Answer: D Early signs of respiratory distress in the pediatric patient include all of the following, EXCEPT: Before assessing the respiratory adequacy of an semiconscious infant or child, you must: ensure the airway is patent and clear of obstructions. should: Her skin is hot and moist. You respond to a skate park where a 10-year-old male fell from his skateboard and struck his head on the ground; he was not wearing a helmet. 6, 12 They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. B. slide the device under the child. Answer: A Page: 1170. 79. D. age-appropriate behavior, good muscle tone, and good eye contact. A. chills. C. you should document your perceptions on the run form. In a normal adult, greater than 30% to 40% of blood volume loss significantly increases the risk of shock. When a child faints, the blood supply and the oxygen that blood brings to the brain is temporarily reduced. D. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate. D. brisk capillary refill. 72. B. attempt cooling measures, offer oxygen, and transport. Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1182. Question Type: General Knowledge C. bronchitis. Stridor. Correct Response A) sunken fontanelles. Burns in children are commonly caused by all of the following, EXCEPT: partialt-hickness burns covering more than 20% of the body surface. Which of the following inquiries should you make in private when obtaining a SAMPLE Page: 1162-1163. What is the purpose of a forward declaration of a class? 4 Answer: D B. occur after a week of a febrile illness. The distance is automatically calculated from the travel time of this pulse. Page: 1175. C. age of the child and the size of the car that struck him or her. C. his or her respirations are shallow. C. Most cervical spine fractures in infants and children occur between the first and second cervical vertebrae. His skin is pale and cold and his arms are stiff. D. he or she even has a minor injury. child during bag-mask ventilations is to: Cardiac arrest in the pediatric population is MOST commonly the result of: In contrast to adults, deterioration to cardiac arrest in infants and children is usually associated with: Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of shock. A. of more than 2F to 3F per hour. The narrowing (constriction) of blood arteries by tiny muscles in their walls is known as vasoconstriction. C. 12, 4 A. place her supine and elevate her legs. Question Type: General Knowledge D. 98 mm Hg. B. rule out hypoxia if cyanosis is absent. 70. 21. A. a conscious 4-year-old male with adequate tidal volume Question Type: General Knowledge A. separating the child from his or her parents. C. ensure that he or she uses a neonatal device for children younger than 12 months. A. place oxygen tubing through a hole in a paper cup. Page: 1182. 67. D. open his airway and look in his mouth. A. stridor. With regard to the legal implications of child abuse: When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the After your partner stabilizes his head and opens his airway, you assess his breathing B. ensure that his or her neck is hyperextended. C. excessive tachycardia. The MOST common cause of dehydration in pediatric patients is: An infant with severe dehydration would be expected to present with: Signs of severe dehydration in an infant include all of the following, EXCEPT: A 6-month-old male presents with 2 days of vomiting and diarrhea. Question Type: General Knowledge Blood loss in a child exceeding _____ of his or her total blood volume significantly increases the risk of A. cherry-red spots or a purplish rash. C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. B. continue high-flow oxygen therapy, contact medical control, and request permission to administer more D. delayed capillary refill indicates a state of decompensated shock. D. If the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement You should: You should: Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: When assessing an infant's ventilation status, you should: All of the following are normal findings in an infant or child, EXCEPT: Drawing in of the muscles between the ribs or of the sternum during inspiration is called: A high-pitched inspiratory sound that indicates a partial upper airway obstruction is called: When assessing the heart rate of a 6-month-old infant, you should palpate the brachial pulse or Compared to an adult, the diaphragm dictates the amount of air that a child inspires because the: intercostal muscles are not well developed, blood vessels near the skin are constricted. Familial dysautonomia (FD), also known as Riley-Day syndrome, is a rare, progressive, recessive genetic disorder of the autonomic nervous system that affects the development and survival of sensory, sympathetic, and some parasympathetic neurons in the autonomic and sensory nervous system.. FD results in variable symptoms, including insensitivity to pain, inability to produce tears, poor growth . B. ensure that his or her neck is hyperextended. Effects of peripheral vasculopathy, including Raynaud's phenomenon, were observed in post-marketing reports at different times and at therapeutic doses in all age groups throughout the course of treatment. The MOST appropriate treatment for this child includes: D. fracture of the cervical spine. C. insert a nasopharyngeal or oropharyngeal airway adjunct. The infant's if the cervical spine is injured, it is most likely to be an injury to the ligaments because of rapid movement of the head. A. B. moderate dehydration. The MOST ominous sign of impending cardiopulmonary arrest in infants and children is: A 4-year-old female ingested an unknown quantity of liquid drain cleaner. C. spaced further apart, which causes them to shift following trauma. B. toddler period. 96. Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: Which of the following is the LEAST reliable assessment parameter to evaluate when determining the presence of shock in infants and children? Answer: C B. moist oral mucosa. A. any superficial or partial-thickness burn that involves the legs or arms. Page: 1180, 64. A. put padding behind his or her head. Bruising to the _________ is LEAST suggestive of child abuse. D. epiglottitis. B. their bones are more brittle than an adult's. A. A. vary widely, depending on the child's age and weight. C. an unresponsive 5-year-old male with shallow respirations C. 8 months and 8 years. C. skin that is cool and dry. D. heat compresses and lowering the injured extremity. After determining that an infant or child has strong central pulses, you should: He is conscious, but his Explain the meanings of the following terms: quadratic damping, complex stiffness, transmissibility, beating, and quality factor. D. observe the chest for adequate rise. Her skin is pink and dry, and her heart rate is 120 beats/min. Answer: A When immobilizing an injured child in a pediatric immobilization device, you should: A. secure the head before the torso. D. mother smoked during pregnancy, C. putting a baby to sleep on his or her back. C. 5 12.5 g D. refusal to drink fluids. A 6-year-old male presents with acute respiratory distress. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: A. the flexible rib cage protects the vital thoracic organs. D. 10 years. B. the flexible ribs can be compressed without breaking. You should: assist his ventilations, be prepared to suction his mouth if he vomits, apply full spinal precautions, and prepare for immediate transport to a trauma center. When assessing or treating an adolescent patient, it is important to remember that: A. they usually do not wish to be observed during a procedure. A. bleeding in the brain. B. visualize the child's airway. Question Type: Critical Thinking signs of vasoconstriction in the infant or child include: B. fear or anxiety. B. slowed level of activity. Which of the following findings is LEAST suggestive of child abuse? Question Type: Critical Thinking D. experiencing cardiopulmonary arrest. Signs of a severe airway obstruction in an infant or child include: A child who has no recent history of illness suddenly appears cyanotic and cannot speak after Before positioning an infant or child's airway, you should: When assessing an 8-year-old child, you should: B. talk to the child, not just the caregiver. Because of a child's proportionately large head, they are more prone to spinal cord injuries than adults. They are rarely used in infants younger than 1 year. partial paralysis. B. obtain a SAMPLE history from the parents. 60. Peds. Which of the following children would benefit the LEAST from a nonrebreathing mask? Which of the following statements regarding spinal injuries in pediatric patients is correct? Question Type: General Knowledge A. In moderate to severe disease, corticosteroids improve croup scores within 12-24 hours and decrease hospitalization rates. 1. Capillary refill time is MOST reliable as an indicator of end-organ perfusion in children younger than: B. C. usually present within the first 10 minutes of ingestion. A. sunken fontanelles. D. assess his or her respiratory effort. You are dispatched to a local elementary school for an injured child. D. secure the torso before the head. The MOST accurate method for determining if you are delivering adequate tidal volume to a m(i)=31+52+73+94+115+136++2i+1i. When a child is struck by a car, the area of greatest injury depends MOSTLY on the: C. caused by inflammation of the spinal cord. B. headache and fever. There may be . C. second-degree burns covering more than 10% of the body surface. A. radial A. normal interactiveness, awareness to time, and pink skin color. Submersion injuries in the adolescent age group are MOST commonly associated with: C. vomiting and diarrhea. Question Type: General Knowledge Page: 1169. Answer: B C. crying or combativeness, good muscle tone, and awareness to time. C. rule out an injury to the spinal cord. D. ventilate the child with sharp, quick breaths at the appropriate rate. B. When questioning the parent of a child who ingested a poisonous substance, which of the following 6 months and 6 years. More importantly, the effect of vasoconstriction on central temperature in pediatric patients remains unknown. B. females 75. C. perform a hands-on assessment of the ABCs. D. result in a soft-tissue injury.
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