It was built by Dumez, a French construction company. Using this analysis for several ecosystem services across the Gariep basin emphasized the spatial congruence of areas important for food production and biodiversity conservation in the Gariep Basin and emphasizes the importance of making vital land-use trade-off decisions to secure multiple ecosystem services in some areas. Geology 29:443–446, Knoll AH (2000) Learning to tell Neoproterozoic time. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 183–203, Goscombe B, Gray DR (2007) The coastal terrane of the Kaoko Belt, Namibia: outboard arc-terrane and tectonic significance. Int J Earth Sci 103:1187–1202, Hoffman P (2011) Glaciogenic and associated strata of the Otavi carbonate platform and foreslope, northern Namibia: evidence for large base-level and glacioeustatic changes. Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town. Gariep Dam has a total storage capacity of approximately 5,340,000 megalitres (5,340 hm3) and a surface area of more than 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi) when full. create the conditions for them to happen. J Geol Soc Lond 166:1075–1084, Pimentel MM et al (2000) The basement of the Brasilia Fold Belt and the Goiás Magmatic Arc. Tectonics 28:TC4002. It is in a gorge at the entrance to the Ruigte Valley some 5 kilometres (3.1 mi) east of Norvalspont. Precambrian Res 292:417–451, McMillan MD (1968) The geology of the Witputs-Sendelingsdrif area. Many of the modern surnames in the dictionary can be traced back to Britain and Ireland. Precambrian Res 286:35–58, Vidal G, Moczydlowska-Vidal M (1997) Biodiversity, speciation, and extinction trends of Proterozoic and Cambrian phytoplankton. Terra Nova 15:350–359, Davies C, Coward MP (1982) The structural evolution of the Gariep Arc in southern Namibia. Geological Society of London, Special Publications, London, 294:279–296, Gresse PG (1992) The tectono-sedimentary history of the Vanrhynsdorp Group. Neoproterozoic to early Palaeozoic evolution of Southwestern Gondwana. Conservation in Practice: Future Ecosystem Services in a Southern African River Basin: a Scenario Planning Approach to Uncertainty. Figure 2.33 Landtypes of the Gariep basin as defined by the Institute for Soil, Climate and Water, Agricultural Research Council. We carried on and entered the vast Oviston Basin, turning north into it, navigating in the center of the waterway. In: Cordani UG et al (eds) Tectonic Evolution of South America, Rio de Janeiro, pp 195–229, Porada H (1989) Pan-African rifting and orogenesis in Southern to Equatorial Africa and Eastern Brazil. I thank the Royal Belgian Institute of Natural Sciences for providing office space during my sabbatical, during which the manuscript was drafted. This page was last edited on 1 December 2018, at 13:16. The belt is subdivided into an eastern para-autochthonous zone, consisting of rift graben and … Geological Society of London. Precambrian Res 185:149–163, Lohmeyer M (2013) Methodische Entwicklung GIS-basierter geogener Rohstoffpotentialkarten am Beispiel des südwestlichen Namibia. Executive Summary – Final Draft 1. Subbasin definition is - a geological basin formed within or as part of another basin. Memoirs, vol 36, pp 195–209, Hoffman PF, Schrag DP (2002) The snowball Earth hypothesis: testing the limits of global change. This coincided with the current examination and modelling of the supply and use of ecosystem goods and services in the Gariep Basin as part of the Southern African Millennium Assessment (SAfMA). It represents the effect of headwater erosion by rivers flowing southwest and southeast from the escarpment. Precambrian Res 110:277–306, Thomas RJ et al (2016) The Sperrgebiet Domain, Aurus Mountains, SW Namibia: A ~ 2020–850 Ma window within the Pan-African Gariep Orogen. 66.198.240.56. Ore Geol Rev 28:493–506, Jiang G et al (2007) Carbon isotope variability across the Ediacaran Yangtze platform in South China: implications for a large surface-to-deep ocean δ, Kaiser E (1926) Die Diamanten Wüste. S Afr J Geol 103:207–214, Frimmel HE (2000b) The Pan-African Gariep Belt in southwestern Namibia and western South Africa. Int J Earth Sci 100:323–354, Frimmel HE et al (2013) A new lithostratigraphic subdivision and geodynamic model for the Pan-African western Saldania Belt, South Africa. In: Eliopoulos DG et al (eds) Mineral exploration and sustainable development. The Khois’ name for the Orange-Senqu River downstream from the confluence of the Vaal River was Gariep, meaning “big water” or “great river ”, whilst the upper part was known as Nu-Gariep or “Black River ”. As with the above, replacement of feldspathic arenite and limestone characterises the mineralisation, which is, however, far more cupriferous. Oriolo S et al (in press) Contemporaneous assembly of Western Gondwana and final Rodinia break-up: Implications for the supercontinent cycle. I'm 55 years old and I have been going to Big Basin for as long as I can … Commun Geol Surv Namib 11:13–20, Söhnge PG, de Villiers J (1948) The Kuboos Pluton and its associated line of intrusives. The early Dutch name for the river was just that translation, Groote Rivier, meaning "Great River". Part of Springer Nature. In: Gaucher C et al (eds) Neoproterozoic-Cambrian tectonics, global change and evolution: a focus on Southwestern Gondwana. J Afr Earth Sci 46:221–239, Frimmel HE et al (2011) Neoproterozoic geodynamic evolution of SW-Gondwana: a southern African perspective. Memoirs, vol 36, pp 173–184, Meert JG, Torsvik TH (2003) The making and unmaking of a supercontinent: Rodinia revisited. 2005) into basin-scale stories (Bohensky et al. Figure 2.32 (a) Vegetation types of the Gariep basin based on the definition and delineation of Low and Rebelo; (b) broad land cover categories in the Gariep; (c) location of threatened vegetation types. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Geological Society of America Annual Meeting, 9–12 Oct 2011, Minneapolis, Paper No. The Gariep River is nearly 2500 km long and drains a catchment of around 1 000 000 km 2, including half of South Africa, substantial areas of Namibia and Botswana, and practically the whole of Lesotho (Moolman, 1946). The western Saldania belt in South Africa exposes a section through a fore-arc region that records deformation, sedimentation and plutonism in the late Neoproterozoic and Cambrian (>560 to <510 Ma) along the obliquely convergent continental margin of the Kalahari Craton. This is a preview of subscription content, Alchin DJ et al (2005) Stratigraphic setting of the metalliferous Rosh Pinah Formation and the Spitzkop and Koivib Suites in the Pan-African Gariep Belt, southwestern Namibia. Commun Geol Surv Namib 12:179–186, Frimmel HE (2008a) The Gariep Belt. So far, no evidence of the global c. 635 Ma Marinoan glaciation has been detected in the Gariep Belt and it is speculated that the area was land at that time. Bulletin, vol 4, pp 1–177, Martin H (1965) The Precambrian geology of South West Africa and Namaqualand. The dam is on the Orange River about 48 kilometres (30 mi) north-east of Colesberg and 208 kilometres (129 mi) south of Bloemfontein. This page was last edited on 1 December 2018, at 13:16. This name was also used by many Bantu settlers. Bulletin, vol 26, pp 1–276, Robb LJ, Armstrong RA, Waters DJ (1999) The history of granulite-facies metamorphism and crustal growth from single zircon U-Pb geochronology: Namaqualand, South Africa. Precambrian Res 292:152–162, Fölling PG, Frimmel HE (2002) Chemostratigraphic correlation of carbonate successions in the Gariep and Saldania Belts, Namibia and South Africa. This in turn spurred the industrial expansion in the region that began Basin Res 14:69–88, Fölling PG et al (2000) A novel approach to double-spike Pb-Pb dating of carbonate rocks: examples from Neoproterozoic sequences in southern Africa. Econ Geol 98:749–771, Cailteux JLH et al (2015) The Neoproterozoic West Congo ‘Schisto-Calcaire’ sedimentary succession from the Bas-Congo region (Democratic Republic of the Congo) in the frame of regional tentative correlations. Elsevier, Amsterdam, pp 3–11, Germs GJB (1995) The Neoproterozoic of southwestern Africa, with emphasis on platform stratigraphy and paleontology. J Geol 109:493–508, Frimmel HE et al (2002) Neoproterozoic tectonic and climatic evolution recorded in the Gariep Belt, Namibia and South Africa. Geology 44:955–958, Ransome IGD (1992) The geochemistry, kinematics and geodynamics of the Gannakouriep dyke swarm. Crustal thinning of the pre-existing, Late Mesoproterozoic supercontinent Rodinia prior to continental rifting led to repeated alkaline, predominantly acid, magmatism at shallow crustal levels, starting at 837 ± 2 Ma, widespread emplacement of a doleritic dyke swarm, which most likely served as feeders to a flood basalt province, and eventually bimodal, predominantly felsic, volcanic rocks along the principal growth fault at around 750 Ma. Drainage basins are an extent of land where water from rain and melting snow or ice drains downhill into a body of water, such as a river, lake, reservoir, estuary, wetland, sea or ocean. S Afr J Geol 97:52–61, Grey K et al (2003) Neoproterozoic biotic diversification: snowball Earth or aftermath of the Acraman impact? Eventual exhumation and erosion fed detritus into the Nama foreland basin. Gondwana Res 7:685–699, Frimmel HE, Frank W (1998) Neoproterozoic tectono-thermal evolution of the Gariep Belt and its basement, Namibia/South Africa. Gariep Local Municipality - Gariep Local Municipality is a defunct local municipality in Joe Gqabi District Municipality, Eastern Cape. Learn more in the Cambridge English-Chinese simplified Dictionary. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. | Meaning, pronunciation, translations and examples The inequity of the human population is also important to recognize; households Gordon named the river in … Memoirs 36:223–231, Frimmel HE, Board WS (2000) Fluid evolution in and around the Rosh Pinah massive sulphide deposit in the external Pan-African Gariep Belt, Namibia. Gariep Dam has a total storage capacity of approximately 5,340,000 megalitres (5,340 hm 3) and a surface area of more than 370 square kilometres (140 sq mi) when full. ABSTRACT The Pan‐African Gariep Belt in south‐western Namibia and westernmost South Africa provides an excellent window into the interplay between tectonic and climatic changes during the Neoproterozoic era. The Gariep belt is an eastward, convex, north-south trending unit some 400 km long and straddling the Orange River at the border of the Republic of South Africa and Na- mibia (Fig. Historically, surnames evolved as a way to sort people into groups - by occupation, place of origin, clan affiliation, patronage, parentage, adoption, and even physical characteristics (like red hair). Gariep is Khoekhoe for "river", the original name of the Orange River.[3]. Gariep Dam located in South Africa, near the town of Norvalspont, bordering the Free State and Eastern Cape provinces. pp 353-386 | Trans Geol Soc S Afr 51:1–31, Tack L et al (2001) Early Neoproterozoic magmatism (1000–910 Ma) of the Zadinian and Mayumbian Groups (Bas-Congo): onset of Rodinia rifting at the western edge of the Congo craton. basin translate: 容器, 盆;水盆, 一盆(的量), 洗手池;洗脸盆, 区域, 流域, 船坞;内湾. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the Creative Commons CC0 License; all unstructured text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. In: Gaucher C et al (eds) Neoproterozoic tectonics, global change and evolution: a focus on Southwestern Gondwana. Geological Survey of Namibia, pp 14.11–14.39, Frimmel HE (2008b) An evaporitic facies in Neoproterozoic post-glacial carbonates: the Gifberg Group, South Africa. Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the foreland domains of the Kaoko–Dom Feliciano–Gariep orogenic system record sedimentation from the breakup o… CONTEXT 1 2.1 General Context 1 2.2 An IWRM Plan for the Orange-Senqu Basin 3 3. The structure is a concrete gravity-arch hybrid dam. In South African English, 'dam' refers both to the structure and the water volume it retains. Geol Soc Am Bull 85:1869–1882, Cordani UG et al (2003) Tearing up Rodinia: the Neoproterozoic palaeogeography of South American cratonic fragments. The Gariep Dam is the largest storage reservoir in South Africa. This assessment report is the result of the multiple-scale southern Africa sub-global assessment (SAfMA), which investigated the condition and trends of ecosystem services and human well-being in the Gariep basin from 1993 to 2003, as well as future scenarios and possible responses to ecosystem change. Precambrian Res 231:218–235, Gaucher C et al (2005) Organic-walled microfossils and biostratigraphy of the upper Port Nolloth Group (Namibia): implications for the latest Neoproterozoic glaciations. The Gariep belt evolved from an ocean basin, the so-called Adamastor ocean, that separated the Kalahari craton of southern Africa from the Rio de la Plata craton in South America. In: Arnaud E et al (eds) The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations. Geol Mag 142:539–559, Gaucher C et al (2009) The Neoproterozoic and Cambrian: a time of upheavals, extremes and innovations. Abstract. Owing to its generally low metamorphic grade, the rocks exposed in the Gariep Belt provide an excellent record of Neoproterozoic Earth history from continental break-up, multiple glaciations, opening of a narrow oceanic basin, to continental collision in the course of Gondwana assembly. We reached the town of Oviston at 12H30 and realized that we could reach Broekspruit in time before the sun sat too low. This service is more advanced with JavaScript available, Geology of Southwest Gondwana MSc thesis, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, 182 pp, Reid DL (1991) Alkaline rocks in the Kuboos-Bremen igneous province, southern Namibia: the Kanabeam multiple ring complex. Unpublished MSc thesis, College of Science and Engineering, Texas Christian University, Austin, Basei MAS et al (2005) A connection between the Neoproterozoic Dom Feliciano (Brazil/Uruguay) and Gariep (Namibia/South Africa) orogenic belts—evidence from a reconnaissance provenance study. Dietrich Reimer, Berlin, 321 pp, Kennedy MJ (2001) Are Proterozoic cap carbonates and isotopic excursions a record of gas hydrate destabilization following Earth’s coldest intervals? Foster DA et al (2009) Rapid exhumation of deep crust in an obliquely convergent orogen: the Kaoko Belt of the Damara Orogen. Chem Geol 130:101–121, Frimmel HE et al (1996b) New Pb-Pb single zircon age constraints on the timing of Neoproterozoic glaciation and continental break-up in Namibia. doi: Frimmel HE (1995) Metamorphic evolution of the Gariep Belt. Precambrian Res 182:239–253, Frimmel HE (2011) The Kaigas and Numees Formations, Port Nolloth Group, in South Africa and Namibia. Gondwana Res 26:386–401, Konopásek J et al (2016) Linking the basement geology along the Africa-South America coasts in the South Atlantic. Turton, A.R. Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town. In South African English, 'dam' refers both to the structure and the water volume it retains. In: Miller RM (ed) The geology of Namibia. Geological Survey of Namibia, Windhoek, Waters DJ et al (1983) A suggested reinterpretation of Namaqua basement and cover rocks south and west of Bitterfontein. Mem Geol Surv Namib 17:1–82, Hoffmann K-H et al (2004) A U-Pb zircon date from the Neoproterozoic Ghaub formation, Namibia: constraints on Marinoan glaciation. PDF | Neoproterozoic metasedimentary rocks in the foreland domains of the Kaoko-Dom Feliciano-Gariep orogenic system record sedimentation from the... | … In: Andrew CJ et al (eds) Digging deeper: Proceedings of the 9th Biennial SGA Meeting, Dublin, Ireland, pp 1049–1052, Borg G et al (2003) Geology of the Skorpion zinc deposit, southern Namibia. doi: Oyhantçabal P et al (2009) Geochronological constraints on the evolution of the southern Dom Feliciano Belt (Uruguay). The Orange River (Afrikaans/Dutch: Oranjerivier), Gariep River, Groote River or Senqu River is the longest river in South Africa.It rises in the Drakensberg mountains in Lesotho, flowing westwards through South Africa to the Atlantic Ocean.The river forms part of the international borders between South Africa and Namibia and between South Africa and Lesotho, as well as several … Bulletin, vol 13, pp 1–115, Lamb MP et al (2012) Origin of giant wave ripples in snowball Earth cap carbonate. Proceedings of the 7th Biennial SGA Meeting, 24–28 Aug 2003, Athens. They actually help keep the forest healthy, cleaning out the understory — the underlying layer of vegetation— and helping redwoods and sequoias to sprout new seeds.. Big Basin Redwoods State Park, captured by Stephanie Wu (Stephanie Wu). Geosci Can 40:118–140, Oriolo S et al (2016a) The Nico Pérez Terrane (Uruguay): from Archean crustal growth and connections with the Congo Craton to late Neoproterozoic accretion to the Río de la Plata Craton. Owing to its generally low metamorphic grade, the rocks exposed in the Gariep Belt provide an excellent record of Neoproterozoic Earth history from continental break-up, multiple glaciations, opening of a narrow oceanic basin, to continental collision in the course of Gondwana assembly. Precambrian Research Unit, University of Cape Town. Bulletin, vol 4, pp 1–177, Master S, Wendorff M (2011) Neoproterozoic diamictites of the Katanga Supergroup, Central Africa. Conservation Biology, … The study recognizes that the area has problematic environmental conditions such as aridity as well as disproportionately distributed rainfall runoff. We keep adding meaning and other info to all names. It must be carefully managed by balancing the supply-and-demand of this water resource usage for its derivatives of electricity generation, irrigation(food) and municipal drinking water.Department of Water - Orange River Basin - Map and flow diagrams, Map (Tunnel & Canals)Illustration - Further details on the Department of Water - Fish-Sundays, Gariep Hydro-Electric power plants, which is remotely controlled from GautengFurther Facts and Details, At Oviston, on the south bank of the reservoir, is the inlet of the Orange-Fish River Tunnel, allowing water to be diverted to the Great Fish River and most of the Eastern Cape's western parts. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. Precambrian Res 17:173–198, De Villiers J, Söhnge PG (1959) The geology of the Richtersveld. Geological Society of London, Special Publication, London, pp 239–256, Basei MAS et al (2011) The basement of Punta del Este Terrane: Grenvillian rocks reworked during Brasiliano/Pan-African orogenesis. Paleobiology 23:230–246, Von Veh MW (1993) The stratigraphy and structural evolution of the Late Proterozoic Gariep Belt in the Sendelingsdrif-Annisfontein area, northwestern Cape Province. River basin definition: A river basin is the area of land from which all the water flows into a particular river. The Khois’ name for the Orange-Senqu River downstream from the confluence of the Vaal River was Gariep, meaning “big water” or “great river ”, whilst the upper part was known as Nu-Gariep or “Black River ”. In: Arnaud E et al (eds) The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic glaciations. Not logged in Tectonophysics 375:261–288, Middlemost EAK (1963) Geology of the southeastern Richtersveld. A very careful examination of the manuscript by an anonymous reviewer is much appreciated. Major Hydropower Installations in the Basin • Gariep Dam: –Full capacity: 360 MW • Vanderkloof Dam –Full capacity: 240 MW • ‘Muela Hydroelectric Power Facility: –Full capacity: 72 MW • Both Gariep and Vanderkloof supply electricity during peak demand and emergency periods (peaking stations), through the Eskom national The wall is 88 m high and has a crest length of 914 m and contains approximately 1.73 million m³ of concrete. "Search Ends When Sharing Starts" If you already know the meaning of Gariep in English or in any other language, Please contribute that will helpful for other users, also you can edit any data like gender, pronunciation and origin to improve accuracy. SITUATIONAL ANALYSIS 4 3.1 Introduction 4 3.2 Climate and Water Resources 4 3.3 Water Demands 6 3.4 Water Resources Development and Management 7 3.5 The Environment 7 3.6 Economic Accounting of Water 8 3.7 Economic Instruments 9 Study Guide for Pretoria University. This leads to a mean annual precipitation (MAP) to mean annual runoff (MAR) conversion rate of less than 10 percent for the basin as a whole and a rate approaching one percent in some of the drier lower reaches. The hydro-electrical power station houses four 90 MW generators. The prevailing glacial conditions at around 750 Ma are indicated by an older diamictite (Kaigas Formation), which is overlain by first regionally persistent carbonate deposits in the succession. Geological Society of London. Precambrian Res 280:147–160. Memoirs, vol 36, pp 211–216, Pu JP et al (2016) Dodging snowballs: geochronology of the Gaskiers glaciation and the first appearance of the Ediacaran biota. 2000. Bulletin, vol 38, pp 1–174, Wackerle R (2003) High resolution airborne geophysical survey program: TMI colour image. Trans Geol Soc S Afr 69:87–98, Miller RM (2013) Comparative stratigraphic and geochronological evolution of the northern Damara Supergroup in Namibia and the Katanga Supergroup in the Lufilian Arc of Central Africa. “The groundwater resources are somewhat limited in some areas and largely undefined within the basin.” 2.5. The main tributaries of the Orange are the Senqu in Lesotho, the Vaal in South Africa and the Fish in Namibia. 2003, the Gariep Basin was researched and evaluated. J Petrol 40:1747–1770, Rogers AW (1916) The geology of part of Namaqualand. These units grade into a second, regionally extensive sheet of glaciogenic diamictite with minor intercalated banded iron formation. Millpress, Rotterdam, pp 661–664, Frimmel HE et al (1996a) Geochemistry and tectonic setting of magmatic units in the Pan-African Gariep Belt, Namibia. Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, 34:445–456, Jacob J et al (2006) Some observations on diamondiferous bedrock gully trapsites on Late Cainozoic, marine-cut platforms of the Sperrgebiet, Namibia. In: Arnaud E et al (eds) The Geological Record of Neoproterozoic Glaciations. So keep visiting again . 2006). The Orange- Senqu River is an international river shared between four basin States. Over 10 million scientific documents at your fingertips. The host carbonate succession (Otavi Group) forms part of an extensive platform on the northern margin of the Khomas Trough, which is believed to be an equivalent to the Gariep Basin in the Damara Belt. How to use subbasin in a sentence. Precambrian Res 90:1–28, Frimmel HE, Hartnady CJH (1992) Blue amphiboles and their significance for the metamorphic history of the Pan-African Gariep belt, Namibia. The San called the Orange the “Dragon River ”. Watch in this video how to say and pronounce "gariep"! This name was also used by many Bantu settlers. Precambrian Res 105:57–71, Frimmel HE, Jonasson I (2003) The controls on Neoproterozoic base metal sulphide mineralization. Chem Geol 171:97–122. Precambrian Res 73:137–151, Germs GJB et al (2009) Syn- to late-orogenic sedimentary basins of southwestern Africa. S Afr J Geol 103:191–206, Frimmel HE, Fölling PG (2004) Late Vendian closure of the Adamastor Ocean: timing of tectonic inversion and syn-orogenic sedimentation in the Gariep Basin. A Cryptic Hydropolitical History of the Nile Basin for Students of Hydropolitics . Not affiliated Following a major hiatus of at least 100 million years, a new major sequence sets in, first with predominantly coarse-grained, largely immature siliciclastic sedimentary rocks, including dolomitic megabreccias above a major unconformity, and shallow marine stromatolitic reef mounds. Leaving Springbok Basin and entering Middle Basin eastwards the huge tower at Oviston was not yet visible. The hydro-electrical power station houses four 90 MW generators, giving a maximum output … Oriolo S et al (2016b) Timing of deformation in the Sarandí del Yí Shear Zone, Uruguay: implications for the amalgamation of the Western Gondwana during the Neoproterozoic Brasiliano–Pan-African Orogeny. Pretoria. Mem Geol Surv S Afr 79:1–163, Gresse PG (1994) Strain partitioning in the southern Gariep Arc as reflected by sheath folds and stretching lineations. Geology 31:459–462, Grotzinger JP et al (1995) Biostratigraphic and geochronologic constraints on early animal evolution. 4 to control nature, a number of similar projects were spawned all over the world. Special thanks go to the guest editors, S. Siegesmund and M. A. S. Basei, for the invitation to contribute this chapter, and to the latter also for his repeated company during field work in Namibia and South Africa. The timing of oceanic magmatism is estimated at 610 Ma. Hydrology. The river was named the Orange River by Colonel Robert Gordon, commander of the United East India Company (VOC) garrison at Cape Town, on a trip to the interior in 1779. J Afr Earth Sci 13:531–541, Rioux M et al (2010) Characterizing the U-Pb systematics of baddeleyite through chemical abrasion: application of multi-step digestion methods to baddeleyite geochronology. Gariep Dam (town) - Gariep Dam (Afrikaans: Gariepdam), founded as "Oranjekrag", is a settlement in Xhariep District Municipality in the Free State (province) of … The basin covers an area of about one million square kilometres and is definitely the most developed shared river system in Southern Africa. The Neoproterozoic to Early Cambrian Gariep Belt in southwestern Namibia and westernmost South Africa, together with the Damara and Kaoko belts further north and the Saldania Belt to the south, forms an important part of the larger network of Pan-African/Brasiliano orogenic belts in SW-Gondwana. Unpublished MSc thesis, Institute of Geography and Geology, University of Würzburg, 109 p, Macdonald FA et al (2010) Stratigraphy of the Port Nolloth Group of Namibia and South Africa and implications for the age of Neoproterozoic iron formations. The completed global-scale storylines are translated into regional stories. Commun Geol Surv Namib 12:197–209, Frimmel HE (2000c) The stratigraphy of the Chameis Sub-terrane in the Gariep Belt in southwestern Namibia. Africa the name Gariep has been used for the river as this was the name used ... (see Figure 4). The formation of oceanic crust in the Marmora Terrane is explained by the reactivation of a previous rift-graben as back-arc basin behind the large 640–590 Ma Cuchilla Dionisio-Pelotas magmatic arc in the Dom Feliciano Belt in southeastern Brazil and Uruguay. Gariep is San for “Great water”, and is the original name of the Orange River. Contrib Miner Petrol 160:777–801, Ritter U (1980) The Precambrian evolution of the eastern Richtersveld. The continental, ≤771 ± 6 Ma rift deposits reflect alluvial plain and delta environments that evolved into a shallow sea. Trans Geol Soc S Afr 86:293–299, Will T et al (2014) Geochemical and isotope evidence for initiation of Cretaceous South Atlantic opening along a former Neoproterozoic back-arc basin: implications for the location of the main Pan-African suture in southwest Gondwana. There is trade off in the water usage for electricity and inter-basin transfer for water in other areas like Port_ElizabethOrange-Fish River Tunnel Basin Transfer Schema construction 1972 (Port_Elizabeth) on YouTube, Sunset at Oviston Nature Reserve on the dam's southern shores, Water consumption, outflow, derivative usages and diversions, Videos - Opening | Documentaries | Construction, Last edited on 31 December 2020, at 02:27, Department of Water - Orange River Basin - Map and flow diagrams, Orange-Fish River Tunnel Basin Transfer Schema construction 1972, List of reservoirs and dams in South Africa, "State of Dams in Provinces as on 20080901", "Dictionary of Southern African Place Names (Public Domain)", https://www.gfrwua.com/orange-river-project, http://www.dwa.gov.za/orange/Mid_Orange/fish-sun.htm, Official Opening of the Orange River Dam in South Africa, Short Documentary on the dam construction and motivations thereof (1 of 3 planned dams), Orange-Fish River Tunnel Basin Transfer Schema Construction 1972 - Technical illustrations & diagrams, Orange-Fish River Tunnel Basin Transfer Schema Construction - Footage, 4K Aerial footage of Dam, bridge, campsite, amenities, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Gariep_Dam&oldid=997345670, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 31 December 2020, at 02:27. Basin Res 14:55–67, Frimmel HE et al (2006) Provenance and chemostratigraphy of the Neoproterozoic West Congolian Group in the Democratic Republic of Congo.