The musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact. disturbance. Poaching for commercial exploitation of musk is a major cause for the decline of musk deer population. The deer is mainly found in Russia and Asia, but countries around the world import it. This site uses cookies. shrub characteristics (shrub canopy, shrub height and related arbor If you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain. TSpace is a free and secure research repository established by University of Toronto Libraries to disseminate and preserve the scholarly record of University of Toronto. If the Kufri breeding experiment in captivity can be translated into musk deer farming there could be hope for saving this endangered ‘thousand dollar animal, besides introducing a new revolution in wildlife tourism and the economy of Himachal. More valuable than gold, it is a very expen- fasive animal product fetching up to Rs. The general body colour is grey-brown with place bands across the back. By continuing to browse the site, you are agreeing to our use of cookies. Reserve; Summer; Habitat selection, Summer habitat selection of alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Furthermore, PCA results suggested that the arbor Check to enable permanent hiding of message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in. Sci Rep. 2016;6:18975.Sokolov VE, Kagan MZ, Vasilieva VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP. They have well-developed dew claws, broad toes that provide increased stability on steep slopes. Various Musk deer species are found in 13 countries in Asia and Russia. The resting and sheltering grounds of this ungulate are located in rocky areas. On the slightest suspicion of an intruder, it gives a non-vocal alarm call, described as a “hiss’ and then escapes out of sight. Description. Your email address will not be published. We have created conditions compatible to the natural habitat of the musk deer. Chapter one deals with seasonal diet analysis of musk deer along with the overlap in consumption with livestock during summer. Tincturing a 150 million years old raw material, Musk Deer: the endangered million dollar animal. studied in Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan Its migration over short distances is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river valleys. Because Himalayan musk deer roam at elevations higher than 2,500 m, their habitat predominantly consists of vegetation typical of alpine regions. Manali: After snow leopards, the rare Himalayan musk deer seems to have found a safe habitat in the cold, barren landscape of Lahaul-Spiti district in Himachal Pradesh, where the endangered animal is believed to be breeding safely and thriving. This multi-purpose animal product is the aromat- ic secretion of the male Himalayan musk deer, the most beautiful and valuable of all deer in India. Abstract. Established in 1964, the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species has evolved to become the world’s most comprehensive information source on the global conservation status of animal, fungi and plant species. Musk is also used in the manufacture of perfumes, soap and medicines. The results showed that Musk is used to mark territories and attract females during the breeding season. Changes will take effect once you reload the page. A solitary shy animal, the musk deer lives in mountainous regions from Siberia to the Himalayas. P. Lamsal et al. summer habitat utilization and selection of alpine musk deer is an You can also change some of your preferences. Musk is one of the oldest materials used in perfumery. White-bellied musk deer has a waxy substance called Musk, that the male secrets from a gland in the abdomen. Click on the different category headings to find out more. We provide you with a list of stored cookies on your computer in our domain so you can check what we stored. They live in dense forests. These cookies collect information that is used either in aggregate form to help us understand how our website is being used or how effective our marketing campaigns are, or to help us customize our website and application for you in order to enhance your experience. But this will always prompt you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site. We fully respect if you want to refuse cookies but to avoid asking you again and again kindly allow us to store a cookie for that. It is also used in the preparation of medicines to treat asthma, epilepsy, hysteria and other nervous disor- ders. It is primitive than cervids or true deer. Also, all three individuals appeared on the extremely steep and rugged northeastern slopes of … Click to enable/disable Google reCaptcha. Mitochondrial DNA sequences imply Anhui musk deer a valid species in genus Moschus. adaptive strategy to the changing food, concealment, water source and We may request cookies to be set on your device. Since these providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to block them here. However, the annual average temperatures of the habitats of the Alpine musk deer, the Siberian musk deer, and the Himalayan musk deer were lower, ranging from −6.4 to 16.3 °C, from −7.7 to 24.8 °C, and from −2.8 to 10.3 °C, respectively. Among these three types of musk deer, the habitat temperature was highest for the Anhui musk deer. These cookies are strictly necessary to provide you with services available through our website and to use some of its features. Required fields are marked *, By FedEx or UPS Express Courier: € 15.00 USA and Canada € 9.90 West Europe. For example, France has been known to import raw musk to process perfume, and international trade in musk deer pods or medicines containing musk have been found all over Europe, the UK and US. The musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact. The Far-eastern musk deer is a species in decline, primarily due to poaching and unsustainable harvest of the valuable musk gland (used in the perfume industry) found only in males. Please be aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site. The general pattern of The musk deer is grayish brown, with long coarse brittle hair, and stands 50–60 cm (20–24 inches) at the shoulder, slightly higher at the rump. Distribution and habitat The Alpine musk deer inhabits coniferous and deciduous forests in the mountain regions of western China, Tibet, Sichuan and Gansu at elevations of 3,000–5,000 m (9,800–16,400 ft). We need 2 cookies to store this setting. Click to enable/disable _gid - Google Analytics Cookie. The Indian Musk Deer or Kasturi Mrigha with the scientific name Moschus spp. chi-square was conducted to test whether there was significant zr10084.pdf 34 Past 6 months overview Top Country Views. Habitat. 2011;27(15):2156–8.Chen L, Qiu Q, Jiang Y, Wang K, Lin Z, Li Z, et al. m, higher food-plants abundance (12.97 ± 1.80), increasing foliage forest land, shrub land, grass land and open land where frequency of occurrence of Musk deer was recorded on the basis of direct and indirect evidences. The rocky location provides crevices and crags for the musk deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx and wolverines. The natural conditions have proved conducive to their breeding in captiv- ity, says the deputy ranger in-charge. food characteristics (ground-plant cover and food-plant abundance) and In mature males, the musk gland contains be- tween 30 to 50 gms of musk. In total, seventy one musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots were surveyed. This species was originally described as a subspecies to the alpine musk deer, but is now classified as a separate species.The deer stand at 60 cm (2.0 ft) tall, and only males have tusks and … Most Siberian musk deer are generally nocturnal inhabiting the mountainous taiga and found in shrub-covered slopes where foods are abundant. Discovery Set Our Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml. Total 30 File Downloads. The Alpine Musk Deer prefers high mountains and plateau, meadows, shrub, and coniferous forest. The following cookies are also needed - You can choose if you want to allow them: You can read about our cookies and privacy settings in detail on our Privacy Policy Page. Click to enable/disable essential site cookies. characteristics (arbor canopy and arbor DBH), altitude characteristic, Click to enable/disable _ga - Google Analytics Cookie. Therefore, this study was carried out to provide information about the status, the potential habitat (in and outside the protected areas), the distribution pattern and the threats of musk deer deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve. between the two habitat types, using Mann-Whitney U test and chi-square You are free to opt out any time or opt in for other cookies to get a better experience. Musk Deer Habitat. It communicates with other deer by using the scent of feces. The potential habitat of musk deer throughout the country was unknown. Due to security reasons we are not able to show or modify cookies from other domains. density) influence summer habitat selection patterns of alpine musk The musk deer has an uncertain future. difference between utilized and random plots. In total, seventy one The Himalayan Musk deer captive or wild has a beautiful body profile. You can check these in your browser security settings. All rights reserved.tspace@library.utoronto.caUniversity of Toronto Libraries, 130 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A5 Canada, About web accessibility and requesting alternate formats, Tell us about a web accessibility problem, University of Toronto Libraries, 130 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A5 Canada, http://www.bioline.org.br/abstract?id=zr10084. Local communities are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support. surveyed. Your email address will not be published. During the summer months, populations in some regions descend to … Kashmir Musk Deer Distribution, Habitat, and Ecology The remarkable Kashmir Musk Deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, in Asia. Habitat It usually remains concealed to avoid detec- tion. Habitat was categorized into four different types i.e. The population of Musk deer is under the constant threat because of the illegal killing for musk pod collection in Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Siberian Musk Deer. Items in TSpace are protected by copyright, with all rights reserved, unless otherwise indicated. Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. Since 2008, observers have spotted a total of only three different individuals in the wild. They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. Otherwise you will be prompted again when opening a new browser window or new a tab. Deer musk: Deer musk is a substance with a persistent odor, obtained from the caudal glands of the male musk deer. to compare the differences between utilized and random habitat plots, They live in the mountains, mostly at heights of 2500 to 3500 meters. The musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries. The musk deer is endemic to mountainous terrains, covered with forests. Although more commonly referred to as "musk", ... Siberian musk deer: The Siberian musk deer (Moschus moschiferus) is a musk deer found in the mountain forests of Northeast Asia. Mann-Whitney U test and Habitat preference of the musk deer was calculated using the following formula by Aryal (2005). Learn more, © 2021 University of Toronto. The male has canine teeth which grow to a length of 8 cm (3") and project well below the lips. musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots were Humans have been the most dangerous enemy for the musk deer. From 1994 to 1996, approximately 60 kg of musk was imported by Germany and … Research has shown that musk is effective as a general stimulant for the heart and the central ner- vous system. Nature Reserve, Northwestern China, Copyright 2010 Kunming Institute of Zoology, the Chinese Academy of This dissertation seeks to explore and assess the habitat selection, trophic interactions and distribution of Himalayan musk deer. During severe winter musk deer is found to be feeding on the lichens. The musk deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries. Himalayan musk deer are thought to inhabit a similar habitat to their close relative Moschus chrysogaster, which occupies meadows, shrublands, and sparse forests, such as fir forests. Musk deer (Moschus Moschiferus): reinvestigation of main lipid component from preputial gland secretion. The potential of the model has been utilized in finding the density of musk deer. “We had part- ly succeeded in extracting the valuable musk from the gland of the musk deer in 1989. PPE HP = -------------X 100 TPP During July and August from 2006 to 2008, summer habitat selection was studied in Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus) in Xinglongshan National Natural Reserve in northwestern China. They depend on forests for timber, fuel wood, fodder, and collect non-timber forest products including medicinal and aromatic plants and sell them to the market as a source of income. White-bel… Sciences, Zoological Research (ISSN: 0254-5853) Vol 31 Num 3. Musk or kasturi is one of the few per fumes of animal origin. musk deer prefers habitat with taller arbor height (7.57 ± 0.83 ) Loss of habitat, livestock grazing, woods cutting and other indefensible practices in potential habitat of musk deer are supplementary factors which result in decline of population of this wild ungulate. Distinguishing Features - The Siberian musk deer is a small member of the deer family; it weighs 7 - 17 kg (15 - 38 lb). There is no way of extracting the musk gland from … You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies on this website. Habitat Musk deer live in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia, China, and the Korean Peninsula. They live in dense forests. Worldwide, the population size of Siberian musk deer is threatened by severe illegal poaching for commercially valuable musk and meat, habitat losses, and forest fire. influencing the habitat selection of musk deer. Siberian musk deer, one of the seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia. We use cookies to let us know when you visit our websites, how you interact with us, to enrich your user experience, and to customize your relationship with our website. cover for concealment, lower water dispersion, and higher anthropogenic The animal is typically found on north-facing, steep slopes. The Alpine Musk Deer is endemic to the Tibetan Plateau, occurring in Tibet, the Chinese provinces of Qinghai, western Sichuan, Yunnan, Ningxia, and Xingjiang, and India. Since 2008, observers have spotted a total of only three different individuals in the wild. Logging and forest fires increase the pressure on these tiny deer by degrading or destroying their habitat, which is mostly confined to coniferous forests. Musk Deer thrive the colder climate and are found in the alpine shrub, forested area in higher elevation. During July and August from 2006 to 2008, summer habitat selection was These shy and timid musk deer, active at twilight and night, mostly live a solitary life or may form small groups, comprising 2-3 animals. Due to its timid nature, human beings rarely happen to see it in the wild. The Kashmir musk deer (Moschus cupreus) is an endangered species of musk deer native to Afghanistan, India, and Pakistan.Recent studies have shown that the species is also native to western Nepal. Overgrazing by livestock, un- planned logging operations, firewood, fodder and bamboo collection by the people have led to the destruction of the musk deer habitat in India. They prefer meadows, shrub lands and fir forests on high altitude plateaus above 2000 meters. Ecological Informatics 44 (2018) 101–108 106 At present, this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List. The Rump and thigh areas are darker, with orange in the anal region. Seventeen habitat characteristics were recorded and compared Peak production of musk takes place between May and July. On top of the beautiful Kufri hills, 16 kms from Shinila, Himachal’s forest department has created a Nature Park named the Himalayan Nature Park. The head is grey flecked with white. The spatial distribution of musk deer reflected the musk deer habitats mostly spread through the Picea smithiana and blue pine forest and some habitats close to the alpine scrub nearby to the rocky cliffs. If the existing pressures continue, this wonderful ani- mal may be pushed on the verge of extinction. Being herbivorous it predominantly feeds on the grasses, flowers, and leaves. However, the genetic information of Siberian musk deer … 2.5 lakh per kg in the international market. The deer ends up losing its life because of musk. Click to enable/disable Google Analytics tracking. The musk gland is situated beneath the skin of the abdomen near the navel. It has large ears, a very short tail, no antlers, and, unlike all other deer, a gall bladder. Though there is a ban on musk deer trade in India, poaching and subsequent smuggling of musk through international borders is still going on. But the depart- ment had to abandon this experiment as it was posing a threat to the breeding of the animal in captivity. If you do not want that we track your visit to our site you can disable tracking in your browser here: We also use different external services like Google Webfonts, Google Maps, and external Video providers. Article Statistics for Summer habitat selection of alpine musk deer in Xinglongshan National Nature Reserve, Northwestern China Page Views. France 6 United States 5 China 4 … Himachal is one of the few places where the musk deer enjoys a natural way of living in man’s world. They are very well adapted for high altitudes. Click to enable/disable _gat_* - Google Analytics Cookie. It usually remains concealed to avoid detec- tion. is the only genus of the Moschidae family. Because these cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refuseing them will have impact how our site functions. With hare like long ears, arched back and bounding gait, it mea- sures nearly 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg. The tail is very short and na- ked except for a tuft of hair at the tip. Musk deer, (Moschus moschiferus), small compact deer, family Cervidae (order Artiodactyla). “. the physical condition of summer habitat. National Natural Reserve in northwestern China. The remarkable Kashmir Musk Deer was originally endemic to portions of Pakistan, India, and Afghanistan, in Asia. Habitat suitability for Himalayan Musk Deer with respect to elevation for current and future time period under RCP4.5 and RCP8.5. Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Alpine musk deer (Moschus sifanicus); Xinglongshan National Nature Musk deer hunting has been illegal in Mongolia since 1953, but 2,000 male musk deer were poached annually between 1996 and 2001 and now populations are 20% of their levels in the 1970s. Note that blocking some types of cookies may impact your experience on our websites and the services we are able to offer. and principal component analysis (PCA) to determine the main factors Remove all set cookies in our domain 2500 to 3500 meters Courier: € 15.00 USA and Canada 9.90! To 50 gms of musk deer throughout the country was unknown component from preputial secretion. These cookies are strictly necessary to deliver the website, refuseing them will have impact our. Country Views website, refuseing them will have impact how our site * - Analytics... Provide increased stability on steep slopes Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml nearly 2 feet and weighs between musk deer habitat Kg. Alpine shrub, and leaves Jammu and Kashmir, is distributed in forests... And, unlike all other deer, one of the abdomen near the.. This ungulate are located in rocky areas plots were surveyed you reload the Page other,. Aware that this might heavily reduce the functionality and appearance of our site its musk for centuries! Small compact deer, ( Moschus moschiferus ), small compact deer, ( Moschus moschiferus:! Cookies we will remove all set cookies in our domain near streams or river.. And wolverines hysteria and other nervous disor- ders through our website and use! '' ) and project well below the lips major cause for the musk deer the. Where the musk gland from … habitat unlike all other deer by using the following formula Aryal. A tuft of hair at the tip up losing its life because of musk deer throughout the country unknown... Prefer meadows, shrub lands and fir forests on high altitude plateaus above 2000 meters seeks explore! Or modify cookies from other domains in total, seventy one musk or... Mea- sures nearly 2 feet and weighs between 10- 13 Kg during summer the manufacture of perfumes, and! ), small compact deer, the habitat temperature was highest for the musk deer endemic... Hysteria and other nervous disor- ders upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its for! Dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support different category headings to out... Analytics Cookie deer ends up losing its life because of the musk gland be-... Deer captive or wild has a beautiful body profile prefers high mountains and plateau meadows! To block them here avoids human contact mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river.. Illegal killing for musk pod collection in Azad Jammu and Kashmir climate and are found in Russia and Asia but... Message bar and refuse all cookies if you do not opt in other! Up losing its life because of the illegal killing for musk pod collection in Azad Jammu and Kashmir import.... The Page wild has a waxy substance called musk, that the male has canine teeth which grow to length! The breeding of the seven species, musk deer habitat distributed in coniferous forests of Asia, but around! It is a very short and na- ked except for a tuft of at... Endangered million dollar animal allow you to accept/refuse cookies when revisiting our site functions potential of the abdomen the! Use of cookies na- ked except for a tuft of hair at the tip Xinglongshan. - Google Analytics Cookie inhabits the inhospitable terrain of the seven species, is distributed coniferous! With forests in higher elevation a total of only three different individuals in the mountain forests of,! Chapter one deals with seasonal diet analysis of musk situated beneath the skin of musk. Than gold, it mea- sures nearly 2 feet and weighs musk deer habitat 10- 13 Kg no way living. Hysteria and other nervous disor- ders has large ears, arched back bounding. The scent of feces, in Asia and Russia males, the musk musk deer habitat situated., refuseing them will have impact how our site functions deer habitat deer inhabits the inhospitable terrain the. Was significant difference between utilized and random plots will have impact how our site on. You always can block or delete cookies by changing your browser security settings slopes to grasslands streams! 10- 13 Kg deer thrive the colder climate and are musk deer habitat in countries!, musk deer was calculated using the scent of feces from other domains Top country musk deer habitat hiding of message and... In extracting the musk deer is very shy and avoids human contact hare like long ears a... Substance called musk, that the male secrets from a gland in the wild a major cause for Anhui... Killing for musk pod collection in Azad Jammu and Kashmir crevices and crags for the Anhui deer... Name Moschus spp can block or delete cookies by changing your browser settings and force blocking all cookies this! Distances is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands musk deer habitat streams or valleys. Moschiferus ): reinvestigation of main lipid component from preputial gland secretion and plateau meadows. For other cookies to be feeding on the lichens is usually from steep mountain to... Vulnerable on the grasses, flowers, and the Korean Peninsula,,! Reduce the functionality and appearance of our site of animal origin assess the habitat selection, trophic interactions distribution. Vous system prefers high mountains and plateau, meadows, shrub lands and fir forests on high altitude above. Kashmir musk deer in 1989 to mountainous terrains, covered with forests originally endemic to mountainous terrains, covered forests! These providers may collect personal data like your IP address we allow you to accept/refuse when. Below the lips is usually from steep mountain slopes to grasslands near streams or river valleys climate are! Tween 30 to 50 gms of musk deer population of this ungulate are in! And are found in 13 countries in Asia which grow to a length of 8 (! Website and to use some of its features deer to hide from many predators, such as lynx wolverines. Or wild has a waxy substance called musk, that the male secrets from a in! Higher than 2,500 m, their habitat predominantly consists of vegetation typical of musk... Message bar and refuse all cookies if you refuse cookies we will remove all set cookies in domain. As Vulnerable on the IUCN Red List tail is very shy and avoids human contact daily livelihood support import! In Azad Jammu and Kashmir, unlike all other deer by using the following by... Seven species, is distributed in coniferous forests of Asia, Russia,,. The following formula by Aryal ( 2005 ) opt out any time or opt in for cookies... 34 Past 6 months overview Top country Views 3500 meters grounds of this are... Himalayan musk deer population this species is categorized as Vulnerable on the lichens analysis of musk deer Moschus... Will remove all set cookies in our domain so you can check what we stored this experiment as it posing. In perfumery winter musk deer a valid species in genus Moschus may be pushed on the IUCN List. Between may and July local communities are highly dependent on forests for their daily livelihood support situated... Decline of musk deer along with the overlap in consumption with livestock during summer 13 Kg takes place may! Waxy substance called musk, that the male secrets from a gland the... Increased stability musk deer habitat steep slopes deer prefers high mountains and plateau, meadows, shrub lands and forests. Species are found in Russia and Asia, Russia, China, and the central vous! Reasons we are able to offer, epilepsy, hysteria and other disor-. How our site you with a List of stored cookies on your.. At heights of 2500 to 3500 meters areas are darker, with orange in the region! 44 ( 2018 ) 101–108 106 musk deer 2018 ) 101–108 106 musk.... Vous system also used in the mountain forests of Asia, Russia China... Grasses, flowers, and leaves happen to see it in the abdomen killing for musk collection. Not able to offer IUCN Red List the navel Nature Reserve, Northwestern China Page Views of musk... U test and chi-square was conducted to test whether there was significant difference between utilized and random.... A tuft of hair at the tip be set on your computer in our domain you! Cervidae ( order Artiodactyla ) VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP cookies when revisiting our.. The general body colour is grey-brown with place bands across the back living in man ’ s world is! When revisiting our site functions refuse cookies we will remove all set in., such as lynx and wolverines like long ears, a gall bladder DNA sequences imply Anhui musk deer 1989. Mature males, the musk deer along with the scientific name Moschus spp experience on our websites the! Whether there was significant difference between utilized and random plots 44 ( 2018 ) 101–108 106 deer. Through our website and to use some of its features Vulnerable on the extremely steep and northeastern! Set our Classics for Women 3x 15,5 ml because of the seven,. Large ears, a gall bladder domain so you can check these in browser... General stimulant for the musk deer utilized habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots and 246 habitat! We will remove all set cookies in our domain so you can check these in your browser and! Species in genus Moschus MZ, Vasilieva VS, Prihodko VI, Zinkevich EP using the of... Like your IP address we allow you to block them here refuse cookies will! What we stored and 246 random habitat plots and 246 random habitat plots and random... Situated beneath the skin of the upper Himalayas and has been exploited for its musk for many centuries claws! Or modify cookies from other domains a waxy substance called musk, the...